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Alaskan Russian, known locally as Old Russian, is a dialect of Russian, influenced by Eskimo–Aleut languages, spoken in what is now the U.S. state Alaska since the Russian colonial period. Today it is prevalent on Kodiak Island and in Ninilchik (Kenai Peninsula), Alaska; it has been isolated from other varieties of Russian for over a century. [1]
Salmon drying. Alutiiq village, Old Harbor, Kodiak Island.Photographed by N. B. Miller, 1889. The Alutiiq (pronounced / ə ˈ l uː t ɪ k / ə-LOO-tik in English; from Promyshlenniki Russian Алеутъ, "Aleut"; [1] [2] [3] plural often "Alutiit"), also called by their ancestral name Sugpiaq (/ ˈ s ʊ ɡ ˌ b j ɑː k / SUUG-byahk or / ˈ s ʊ ɡ p i ˌ æ k / SUUG-pee-AK; plural often ...
As Russia was the first country to colonize Alaska, Russian words for goods or objects that were new to Native Alaskans were adopted into their native languages. For example, kofe (coffee) and chay (tea) are Russian words that have been added to the vocabularies of the Unangan (Aleut), Alutiiq (Sugpiaq), and Yup'ik .
In the Aleut language, they are known by the endonyms Unangan (eastern dialect) and Unangas (western dialect); both terms mean "people". [a] The Russian term "Aleut" was a general term used for both the native population of the Aleutian Islands and their neighbors to the east in the Kodiak Archipelago, who were also referred to as "Pacific Eskimos" or Sugpiat/Alutiit.
Frame of traditional Yupik skin boat above the west beach of Gambell, Alaska. Mask in Musée du Quai Branly. Siberian Yupiks, or Yuits (Russian: Юиты), are a Yupik people who reside along the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula in the far northeast of the Russian Federation and on St. Lawrence Island in Alaska.
Alaska: 33,889 22,000 [1] Russia Chukotka ~1,700: Languages; English ... Yupʼik is the most spoken Native language in Alaska by both population and speakers. [16]
The two language branches, although part of the same family, have separated and detached themselves in relation to grammatical similarities. Bergsland states that Aleut, which was once a language more similar to Proto-Eskimoan than the current Eskimoan languages themselves, has distanced itself from the ancient language.
Father Ivan Veniaminov (later St. Innocent of Alaska), famous throughout Russian America, developed an Aleut dictionary for hundreds of language and dialect words based on the Russian alphabet. The most visible trace of the Russian colonial period in contemporary Alaska is the nearly 90 Russian Orthodox parishes with a membership of over 20,000 ...