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Bromus is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae. [2] [3] They are commonly known as bromes, brome grasses, cheat grasses or chess grasses.Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species.
The scientific name of Bromus tectorum was given to the species by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum which was published in 1753. According to Plants of the World Online it has 57 synonyms including four that were reclassification into another genus. It has no accepted varieties. [15]
Bromus arvensis is an annual or biennial grass with erect culms growing 0.3–0.9 m (1 ft 0 in – 2 ft 11 in) tall. The grass has an extensive fibrous root system. The leaf sheaths are softly pubescent and leaf blades are pubescent on both faces. The leaf blades are 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long and 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) wide.
The grass is tufted and erect or decumbent. The spikelets are villous and the awns are spreading or twisted. This subspecies can be used for erosion control. [7] Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus, the soft brome or soft chess, is an annual or biennial occurring in Europe, western North America, and northeastern North America. The culms are 10 ...
The grass is of low nutritional value to livestock. Brome seeds can also mix with sheep wool and lower its value. Moreover, sharp awns of ripe seeds can penetrate sheep's skin into the flesh causing pain and lowering carcass value. If ingested, the strong awns can cause injury to sheep's mouth and even intestine, [2] hence the name "rip gut".
Bromus inermis is a species of the true grass family ().This rhizomatous grass is native to Europe and considered invasive in North America.. The plant is characterized by an erect, leafy, long-lived perennial, 46 to 91 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 3 ft) tall, rhizomatous and commonly producing a dense sod.
Bromus catharticus is a species of brome grass known by the common names rescuegrass, grazing brome, prairie grass, and Schrader's bromegrass. [2] The specific epithet catharticus is Latin, meaning cathartic. The common name rescuegrass refers to the ability of the grass to provide forage after harsh droughts or severe winters.
Bromus ciliatus is a species of brome grass known by the common name fringed brome. [1] It is native to most of North America, including most of Canada, most of the United States except for some portions of the South, and northern Mexico. It is a plant of many habitats, including temperate coniferous forest.