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The Gulf War (1990-1991) and the Iraq War (2003-2011) are two periods that highlight how socio-political factors drove how term climate change impacts. [ 34 ] With the US-led invasion of Iraq and the subsequent mass displacement of up to 9.2 million Iraqis, 4.7 million people were food insecure.
Environmental issues in Iraq are greatly attributed to the government, politics, and region. Iraq is the fifth most vulnerable country to the effects of climate change, [1] subject to oil spills, pollution, land degradation, and poor management of upstream water sources. [2]
Just before the 2003 Iraq War, Iraq also set fire to various oil fields. [24] [25] [26] Some American military personnel complained of Gulf War syndrome, typified by symptoms including immune system disorders and birth defects in their children. Whether it is due to time spent in active service during the war or for other reasons remains ...
The relationship between climate change, water conflict and the war in Sudan has also been a topic of academic debate. [116] Blue Nile state has experienced significant impacts from climate change, being one of Sudan's fastest-warming regions. Since the 1970s, temperatures have risen by 1 °C (1.8 °F) each year.
The Iraq War (Arabic: حرب العراق, romanized: ḥarb al-ʿirāq), also referred to as the Second Gulf War, [83] [84] was a prolonged conflict in Iraq lasting from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion by a United States-led coalition , which resulted in the overthrow of the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein .
For example, over 100,000 Gulf War Veterans have been exposed to these nerve agents chemicals during the demolition of a munitions storage depot in Khamisiyah. [19] A study by the Boston School of Public Health has revealed a correlation between veterans deployed in Iraq and the reporting of post-war health symptoms.
Climate change can also be used more broadly to include changes to the climate that have happened throughout Earth's history. [32] Global warming—used as early as 1975 [33] —became the more popular term after NASA climate scientist James Hansen used it in his 1988 testimony in the U.S. Senate. [34] Since the 2000s, climate change has ...
The war resulted in the forced resignation of al-Maliki in 2014, as well as an airstrike campaign by the United States and a dozen other countries in support of the Iraqi military, [49] participation of American and Canadian troops (predominantly special forces) in ground combat operations, [50] [51] a $3.5 billion U.S.-led program to rearm the ...