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Hindustani has a core set of 28 consonants inherited from earlier Indo-Aryan. Supplementing these are two consonants that are internal developments in specific word-medial contexts, [ 21 ] and seven consonants originally found in loan words, whose expression is dependent on factors such as status (class, education, etc.) and cultural register ...
The following changes are common to Middle Indo-Aryan and Dardic: . Pali, Prakrit, Hindustani, and many other Indo-Aryan languages partially-preserve some conservative features of Proto-Indo-Aryan (PIA) lost in Vedic Sanskrit, though spontaneous changes produce many counter-examples: [8]
Hindustani phonology, shared by both Hindi and Urdu, is characterized by a symmetrical ten-vowel system, where vowels are distinguished by length, with long vowels typically being tense and short vowels lax. The language also includes nasalized vowels, as well as a wide array of consonants, including aspirated and murmured sounds. Hindustani ...
The term bazaar Hindustani, in other words, the 'street talk' or literally 'marketplace Hindustani', also known as Colloquial Hindi [a] or Simplified Urdu [b], has arisen to denote a colloquial register of the language that uses vocabulary common to both Hindi and Urdu while eschewing high-register and specialized Arabic or Sanskrit derived ...
Hindustani has a rich set of consonants in its full-alphabet, since it has a mixed-vocabulary derived from Old Hindi (from Dehlavi), with loanwords from Parsi (from Pahlavi) and Arabic languages, all of which itself are from 3 different language-families respectively: Indo-Aryan, Iranian and Semitic.
Hindustani (standardized Hindi and standardized Urdu) has been written in several different scripts. Most Hindi texts are written in the Devanagari script, which is derived from the Brāhmī script of Ancient India. Most Urdu texts are written in the Urdu alphabet, which comes from the Persian alphabet. Hindustani has been written in both scripts.
Hindustani has three aspects, Habitual aspect, Perfective Aspect and the Progressive Aspect. [10] To construct the progressive aspect and forms, Hindustani makes use of the progressive participle rahā which is derived from the verb rahnā ("to stay" or "to remain"). Unlike English and many other Indo-European languages, Hindustani does ...
See Finnish phonology: French [11] tordu [t̪ɔʁd̪y] 'crooked' Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology: Hakka [12] 他 / ta3 [t̪ʰa˧] 'he/she' Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with an unaspirated form. Hindustani [13] Hindi: तीन /tīn [t̪iːn] 'three' Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with aspirated form <थ>. See Hindustani ...