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Liquid oxygen has a clear cyan color and is strongly paramagnetic: it can be suspended between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet. [2] Liquid oxygen has a density of 1.141 kg/L (1.141 g/ml), slightly denser than liquid water, and is cryogenic with a freezing point of 54.36 K (−218.79 °C; −361.82 °F) and a boiling point of 90.19 K (−182.96 °C; −297.33 °F) at 1 bar (14.5 psi).
In an oxygen system the presence of oxygen is implied, and in a sufficiently high partial pressure of oxygen, most materials can be considered fuel. Potential ignition sources are present in almost all oxygen systems, but fire hazards can be mitigated by controlling the risk factors associated with the oxygen, fuel, or heat, which can limit the ...
The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), [1] also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), [2] is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen. The LOC varies with pressure and temperature.
A liquid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, it spontaneously ignites or its mean time for a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa gauge is less than the time of a 1:1 nitric acid (65 percent)/cellulose mixture.
Most humans can function at rest with an oxygen level of 15% at one atmosphere pressure; [1] a fuel such as methane is combustable down to 12% oxygen in nitrogen. A small room of 10 meter 3 has 2.08 meter 3 (2080 liters) or 2.99 kg of oxygen which would occupy 2.62 liters if it was liquid. [2]
Their production is a part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial gases are often seen as "specialty chemicals"). Industrial gases are used in a wide range of industries, which include oil and gas , petrochemicals , chemicals , power , mining , steelmaking , metals , environmental protection , medicine , pharmaceuticals ...
Liquid oxygen may also be condensed from air using liquid nitrogen as a coolant. [54] Liquid oxygen is a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials. [54] The spectroscopy of molecular oxygen is associated with the atmospheric processes of aurora and airglow. [55]
Process safety is an interdisciplinary engineering domain focusing on the study, prevention, and management of large-scale fires, explosions and chemical accidents (such as toxic gas clouds) in process plants or other facilities dealing with hazardous materials, such as refineries and oil and gas (onshore and offshore) production installations.