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The 45th parallel north is often called the halfway point between the equator and the North Pole, but the true halfway point is 16.0 km (9.9 mi) north of it (approximately between 45°08'36" and 45°08'37") because Earth is an oblate spheroid; that is, it bulges at the equator and is flattened at the poles.
Sign on the Trans-Canada Highway near Winnipeg, marking the longitude centre of Canada. The rural village of Taché, Mantioba, east of Winnipeg on the Trans-Canada Highway, has a sign at 96°48'35"W that proclaims it the longitudinal centre of Canada. [1] The sign was upgraded with the opening of Centre of Canada Park in 2017. [2]
The 45×90 points are the four points on Earth which are both halfway between one of the geographical poles and the equator, and halfway between the Prime Meridian and the 180th meridian. Both northern 45×90 points are located on land, while both southern 45×90 points are in remote open ocean locations.
It is the line that marks the theoretical halfway point between the equator and the South Pole. The true halfway point is 16.2 km (10.1 mi) south of this parallel because Earth is not a perfect sphere, but bulges at the equator and is flattened at the poles. [1] Unlike its northern counterpart, almost all (97%) of it passes through open ocean.
Canada covers 9,984,670 km 2 (3,855,100 sq mi) and a panoply of various geoclimatic regions, of which there are seven main regions. [9] Canada also encompasses vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019 mi). [20] The physical geography of Canada is widely varied.
The southernmost point is Middle Island, in Lake Erie, Ontario (41°41′N 82°40′W); the southernmost water point lies just south of the island, on the Ontario–Ohio border (41°40′35″N). The southernmost point of the Canadian mainland is Point Pelee , Ontario 41°54′32″N 82°30′32″W / 41.909°N 82.509°W / 41.909 ...
Point just east of where Ontario's western border meets Hudson Bay, approx. 125 kilometres (78 mi) NW of Fort Severn: Middle Island, Lake Erie. Southernmost point of land in Canada, and part of Point Pelee National Park: Land: Shore of the St. Lawrence River NE of Wood Creek, near Curry Hill.
Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.