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  2. Forced outage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_outage

    Forced outage rate (FOR or FOAR) of a power station unit is the probability that the unit will not be available for service when required.. FOR is defined as the number of hours the unit is on forced outage over the total number of hours in a year (which is the sum of hours the power station is available for service and hours the power station is in forced outage).

  3. Power outage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_outage

    Power outages are categorized into three different phenomena, relating to the duration and effect of the outage: A transient fault is a loss of power typically caused by a fault on a power line, e.g. a short circuit or flashover. Power is automatically restored once the fault is cleared. A brownout is a drop in voltage in an electrical power ...

  4. Curtailment (electricity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtailment_(electricity)

    In electric grid power generators, curtailment is the deliberate reduction in output below what could have been produced in order to balance energy supply and demand or due to transmission constraints. [1] [2] [3] The definition is not strict, and several types of curtailment exist. "Economic dispatch" (low market price) is the most common. [4]

  5. Stranded costs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranded_costs

    In discussions of electric power generation deregulation, stranded costs represent a public utility's existing infrastructure investments that may become redundant after substantial changes in regulatory or market conditions. [1] An incumbent electric power utility will have made substantial investments over the years and will carry debt.

  6. Islanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanding

    Islanding reduces the economic efficiency of the wholesale power market, [10] and is typically a last resort applied when the grid is known to be unstable but has not yet collapsed. [8] In particular, islanding improves resilience to threats with known time but not location, such as terrorist attacks , military strikes on electrical ...

  7. Power system reliability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_system_reliability

    The power system reliability (sometimes grid reliability) is the probability of a normal operation of the electrical grid at a given time. Reliability indices characterize the ability of the electrical system to supply customers with electricity as needed [ 1 ] by measuring the frequency, duration, and scale of supply interruptions. [ 2 ]

  8. Value of lost load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_of_lost_load

    The Value of Lost Load (VoLL) is the estimated amount that customers receiving electricity with firm contracts would be willing to pay to avoid a disruption in their electricity service. [1] The value of these losses can be expressed as a customer damage function (CDF). A CDF is defined [2] as: Loss ($/kW) = ƒ (duration, season, time of day ...

  9. Energy crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis

    An energy crisis or energy shortage is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy.In literature, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, in particular, those that supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in industrial development.