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In the context of oppositional defiant disorder and comorbidity with other disorders, researchers often conclude that ODD co-occurs with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, emotional disorders as well as mood disorders. [55] Those mood disorders can be linked to major depression or bipolar disorder. Indirect ...
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD): Must score either a 2 or a 3 on four or more items in questions 19–26. Conduct disorder: Must score either a 2 or 3 on three or more items in questions 27–40. Anxiety/depression: Must score either a 2 or 3 on three or more items in questions 41–47.
Externalizing disorders are frequently comorbid or co-occurring with other disorders. [13] [14] Individuals who have the co-occurrence of more than one externalizing disorder have homotypic comorbidity, whereas individuals who have co-occurring externalizing and internalizing disorders have heterotypic comorbidity. [15]
The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI) is a behavioral rating checklist created by Kenneth Gadow and Joyce Sprafkin that evaluates a range of behaviors related to common emotional and behavioral disorders identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder ...
Among children diagnosed with ADHD, about 25% to 30% have anxiety disorders, 9% to 32% have depression, 45% to 84% have oppositional defiant disorder, and 44% to 55% of adolescents have conduct disorder. [41] Learning disorders are found in 20% to 40% of children with ADHD. [39]
Of note, DMDD cannot co-exist with oppositional defiant disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, or bipolar disorder but can co-exist with MDD, ADHD, conduct disorder, and substance use disorders. Lastly, Criterion K states that symptoms cannot be caused by the effects of substance use, another medical condition, or another neurological ...
In terms of classification, high comorbidity suggests that some conditions have been split unnecessarily into multiple diagnoses, indicating the need to redraw boundaries between disorders. Comorbidity also conveys important information about shared risk factors, pathological processes, and illness course. A hierarchical and dimensional ...
The diagnosis oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) has informed interventions that have improved challenging home and classroom dynamics for many individuals. However, growing evidence suggests the diagnosis may lead to inadvertent harm by (1) exacerbating stigma associated with reactive behavior and (2) enabling the mischaracterization of ...