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Sound is, by definition, the vibration of matter, so it requires a physical medium for transmission, as do other kinds of mechanical waves and heat energy. Historically, science incorporated various aether theories to explain the transmission medium.
Active laser medium (also called gain medium or lasing medium), a quantum system that allows amplification of power (gain) of waves passing through (usually by stimulated emission) Optical medium, in physics, a material through with electromagnetic waves propagate; Excitable medium, a non-linear dynamic system which has the capacity to ...
In optics, an optical medium is material through which light and other electromagnetic waves propagate. It is a form of transmission medium . The permittivity and permeability of the medium define how electromagnetic waves propagate in it.
A medium having this common property may be termed a dispersive medium. Although the term is used in the field of optics to describe light and other electromagnetic waves , dispersion in the same sense can apply to any sort of wave motion such as acoustic dispersion in the case of sound and seismic waves, and in gravity waves (ocean waves).
In materials science, a porous medium or a porous material is a material containing pores (voids). [1] The skeletal portion of the material is often called the "matrix" or "frame". The pores are typically filled with a fluid ( liquid or gas ).
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The permeability of a medium is related to the porosity, but also to the shapes of the pores in the medium and their level of connectedness. [2] Fluid flows can also be influenced in different lithological settings by brittle deformation of rocks in fault zones; the mechanisms by which this occurs are the subject of fault zone hydrogeology. [3]
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