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Adenosine is a key factor in regulating the body's sleep-wake cycle. [40] Adenosine levels rise during periods of wakefulness and lowers during sleep. Higher adenosine levels correlate with a stronger feeling of sleepiness , also known as sleep drive or sleep pressure. [ 41 ]
Caffeine keeps you awake by blocking adenosine receptors. Each type of adenosine receptor has different functions, although with some overlap. [3] For instance, both A 1 receptors and A 2A play roles in the heart, regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow, while the A 2A receptor also has broader anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body. [4]
It also causes a negative dromotropic effect through the inhibition of AV-nodal conduction. [20] From the 1980s onwards, these effects of adenosine have been used in the treatment of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. [21] The regulation of vascular tone in the endothelium of blood vessels is mediated by purinergic signalling.
Adenosinergic means "working on adenosine". An adenosinergic agent (or drug ) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the adenosine system in the body or brain. Examples include adenosine receptor agonists , adenosine receptor antagonists (such as caffeine ), and adenosine reuptake inhibitors .
This is a list of adrenergic drugs. These are pharmaceutical drugs , naturally occurring compounds and other chemicals that influence the function of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (adrenaline). Receptor ligands
This effect on the A 1 receptor also explains why there is a brief moment of cardiac standstill when adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push during cardiac resuscitation. [citation needed] The rapid infusion causes a momentary myocardial stunning effect. In normal physiological states, this serves as protective mechanisms.
Adenosine has widespread effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, and immune systems and inhibitors of the enzyme could play an important pharmacological role in increasing intravascular adenosine concentrations and acting as anti-inflammatory agents. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β 2) antagonists and alpha-2 (α 2) agonists, which are used to treat high ...