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NP-hard problems need not be in NP; i.e., they need not have solutions verifiable in polynomial time. For instance, the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete by the Cook–Levin theorem, so any instance of any problem in NP can be transformed mechanically into a Boolean satisfiability problem in polynomial time. The Boolean ...
Solvable in polynomial time for 2-sets (this is a matching). [2] [3]: SP2 Finding the global minimum solution of a Hartree-Fock problem [37] Upward planarity testing [8] Hospitals-and-residents problem with couples; Knot genus [38] Latin square completion (the problem of determining if a partially filled square can be completed)
The NP-complete problems represent the hardest problems in NP. If some NP-complete problem has a polynomial time algorithm, all problems in NP do. The set of NP-complete problems is often denoted by NP-C or NPC. Although a solution to an NP-complete problem can be verified "quickly", there is no known way to find a solution quickly.
It is widely believed, but not proven, that P is smaller than NP, in other words, that decision problems exist that cannot be solved in polynomial time even though their solutions can be checked in polynomial time. The hardest problems in NP are called NP-complete problems. An algorithm solving such a problem in polynomial time is also able to ...
A solution of a polynomial system is a tuple of values of (x 1, ..., x m) that satisfies all equations of the polynomial system. The solutions are sought in the complex numbers, or more generally in an algebraically closed field containing the coefficients. In particular, in characteristic zero, all complex solutions are sought. Searching for ...
A fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) is an algorithm for finding approximate solutions to function problems, especially optimization problems.An FPTAS takes as input an instance of the problem and a parameter ε > 0.