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Doxycycline, like other tetracycline antibiotics, is bacteriostatic. It works by preventing bacteria from reproducing by inhibiting protein synthesis. [80] Doxycycline is highly lipophilic, so it can easily enter cells, meaning the drug is easily absorbed after oral administration and has a large volume of distribution.
A hyclate (Latin: hyclas) is a pharmaceutical term for hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate [1] [2] (·HCl· 1 / 2 EtOH· 1 / 2 H 2 O), e.g. doxycycline hyclate. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] References
Tetracyclines are generally used in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, and the intestines and are also used in the treatment of chlamydia, especially in patients allergic to β-lactams and macrolides; however, their use for these indications is less popular than it once was due to widespread development of resistance in the causative organisms.
It is used as a precursor in the industrial synthesis of doxycycline hyclate. [citation needed] It has been found to act as an agonist of the human pregnane X receptor ligand-binding domain and to induce CYP3A4 expression in vitro. [1]
Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Cefazolin: Ancef, Kefzol: Cephradine: Cephapirin: Cephalothin: Cefalexin: Keflex: Cephalosporins (Second generation) Cefaclor: Distaclor, Ceclor, Raniclor: Less Gram-positive cover, improved Gram-negative cover.
Thus far, Periostat (active ingredient is doxycycline hyclate) is the only MMP inhibitor that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is used for the treatment of periodontitis. Other MMP inhibitors have exhibited serious side effects during preclinical trials. These side effects are caused by insufficient selectivity.
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Azithromycin, on the other hand, has a 15-membered lactone ring, which is less susceptible to demethylation and nitrosoalkene formation. Therefore, azithromycin is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, while clarithromycin and erythromycin are strong inhibitors which increase the area under the curve (AUC) value of co-administered drugs more than five ...