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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to particular medications used during general anesthesia, among those who are susceptible. [1] Symptoms include muscle rigidity , fever , and a fast heart rate . [ 1 ]
Drug-induced fever is a symptom of an adverse drug reaction wherein the administration of drugs intended to help a patient causes a hypermetabolic state resulting in fever. The drug may interfere with heat dissipation peripherally, increase the rate of metabolism , evoke a cellular or humoral immune response , mimic endogenous pyrogen , or ...
Recreational drugs such as amphetamines [17] and cocaine, [18] PCP, dextromethorphan, LSD, and MDMA may cause hyperthermia. [2] Malignant hyperthermia is a rare reaction to common anesthetic agents (such as halothane) or the paralytic agent succinylcholine. Those who have this reaction, which is potentially fatal, have a genetic predisposition. [2]
Symptoms are sometimes misinterpreted by doctors as symptoms of mental illness which can result in delayed treatment. [11] Symptoms may also be mistaken for similarly presenting conditions such as malignant hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome, or withdrawal from illicit drugs such as alcohol cocaine, or MDMA. [7]
Dantrolene may interact with the following drugs: [15] Calcium channel blockers of the diltiazem/verapamil type: Intravenous treatment with dantrolene and concomitant calcium channel blocker treatment may lead to severe cardiovascular collapse, abnormal heart rhythms, myocardial depressions, and high blood potassium.
Hyperthermia therapy (or hyperthermia, or thermotherapy) is a type of medical treatment in which body tissue is exposed to temperatures above body temperature, in the region of 40–45 °C (104–113 °F). Hyperthermia is usually applied as an adjuvant to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, to which it works as a sensitizer, in an effort to treat cancer.
If nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia or adrenal medulla are blocked, these drugs may cause autonomic symptoms. Also, neuromuscular blockers may facilitate histamine release, which causes hypotension, flushing, and tachycardia. Succinylcholine may also trigger malignant hyperthermia in rare cases in patients who may be susceptible.
Serious side effects can include malignant hyperthermia or high blood potassium. [4] It should not be used in patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia in either themselves or their family members. [3] It is unknown if its use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus, but use during a cesarean section appears to be safe.