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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to particular medications used during general anesthesia, among those who are susceptible. [1] Symptoms include muscle rigidity , fever , and a fast heart rate . [ 1 ]
Drug-induced fever is a symptom of an adverse drug reaction wherein the administration of drugs intended to help a patient causes a hypermetabolic state resulting in fever. The drug may interfere with heat dissipation peripherally, increase the rate of metabolism , evoke a cellular or humoral immune response , mimic endogenous pyrogen , or ...
Recreational drugs such as amphetamines [17] and cocaine, [18] PCP, dextromethorphan, LSD, and MDMA may cause hyperthermia. [2] Malignant hyperthermia is a rare reaction to common anesthetic agents (such as halothane) or the paralytic agent succinylcholine. Those who have this reaction, which is potentially fatal, have a genetic predisposition. [2]
Symptoms are sometimes misinterpreted by doctors as symptoms of mental illness which can result in delayed treatment. [11] Symptoms may also be mistaken for similarly presenting conditions such as malignant hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome, or withdrawal from illicit drugs such as alcohol cocaine, or MDMA. [7]
Serious side effects can include malignant hyperthermia or high blood potassium. [4] It should not be used in patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia in either themselves or their family members. [3] It is unknown if its use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus, but use during a cesarean section appears to be safe.
Excess thyroid hormone, which is called thyrotoxicosis (such as in cases of hyperthyroidism), is the most common cause. [1] [2] Other causes include: Amphetamines along with other types of stimulant medications, such as appetite suppressants; Anticholinergics and other drugs that can impair sweating; Caffeine; Malignant hyperthermia ...
Onset of symptoms is typically within a day of the extra serotonin. [2] Diagnosis is based on a person's symptoms and history of medication use. [2] Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, and meningitis should be ruled out. [2]
CTLA4 antibody that causes immune system-mediated lysis of the tagged cell: Unresectable or metastatic malignant melanoma. Life-threatening immune mediated reactions and fever. Nivolumab: IV: IgG4 antibody that functions as a checkpoint inhibitor, specifically inhibiting PD-1