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2. Immunoglobulin light chain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_light_chain

   Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa-to-lambda ratio is roughly 2:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm. The free light chain ratio ranges from 0.26 to 1.65. [1]

3. Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_B-cell_lymphocy...

   These markers are: CD5, CD19, CD20, CD23, and immunoglobulins (Ig) (either Ig light chains or complete Ig, i.e. light chains bound to Ig heavy chains. [2] [3] Distinguishing between these phenotypes is important because they progress to different lymphocyte malignancies. The following table gives the markers for the three MBL phenotypes with ...

4. Germinal center B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germinal_center_B-cell...

   A study in Japan found that approximately 26% of relapsed B-cell lymphoma patients lost CD20 expression during treatment with rituximab. Lab tests involving 5-Aza showed that CD20 expression and rituximab sensitivity could be restored in some cases using epigenetic drug treatment. [10] Rituximab (Rituxan. The mechanism of action of Rituximab ...

5. Monoclonal antibody therapy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody_therapy

   Chimeric antibodies are composed of murine variable regions fused onto human constant regions. Taking human gene sequences from the kappa light chain and the IgG1 heavy chain results in antibodies that are approximately 65% human. This reduces immunogenicity, and thus increases serum half-life. [citation needed]

6. Immunofixation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofixation

   The remainder get solutions with anti-IgG, anti-IgA, anti-IgM, anti-kappa light chain and anti-lambda light chain immunoglobulin, respectively from left to right. Each anti-immunoglobulin solution is artificially colored to ensure that the solution matches the color map at top. Immunofixation electrophoresis, schematic representation:

7. Waldenström macroglobulinemia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldenström_macroglobulinemia

   High-resolution electrophoresis and serum and urine immunofixation are recommended to help identify and characterize the monoclonal IgM paraprotein. The light chain of the monoclonal protein is usually the kappa light chain. At times, patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia may exhibit more than one M protein. Plasma viscosity must be ...