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Maleic anhydride is a classic substrate for Diels-Alder reactions. [9] It was used for work in 1928, on the reaction between maleic anhydride and 1,3-butadiene, for which Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950. It is through this reaction that maleic anhydride is converted to many pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
It can be described as the double ester of maleic acid with the alcohol 2-ethylhexanol. It is commonly called dioctyl maleate (DOM), reflecting the older usage of "octane" to refer to any 8-carbon alkane, straight-chained or branched. The compound is manufactured by treating 2-ethylhexanol with maleic anhydride and an
One of the key uses for the compound is in production of the pesticide Malathion. [5] It has also been used medically as a chemical depletory of glutathione. [6] It has been studied extensively with regard to renal function. [7] Other medical uses include treatment of breast cancer and its monitoring with Positron Emission Tomography. [8]
Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. [3] [4] Uses
In another process, maleic anhydride is first opened with water or another alcohol to form maleic acid and is then reacted with DCPD where an alcohol from the maleic acid reacts across one of the double bonds of the DCPD. This product is then used to end-cap the UPR resin which yields a product with unsaturation on the end-groups.
For the synthesis of tetrasodium iminodisuccinate, maleic anhydride is reacted with sodium hydroxide in water at elevated temperature. A concentrated disodium maleate solution is formed to which ammonia is added [ 4 ] at 90 to 145 °C, then excess water and ammonia is distilled off.
There were many catalysts reported for improving thermal polymerization method. Main benefits from their application is increasing of the conversion rate and higher molecular weight of the product. [14] [15] Polyaspartic acid can also be synthesized by polymerization of maleic anhydride in presence of ammonium hydroxide.
In industry, maleic acid is derived by hydrolysis of maleic anhydride, the latter being produced by oxidation of benzene or butane. [4] Maleic acid is an industrial raw material for the production of glyoxylic acid by ozonolysis. [8] Maleic acid may be used to form acid addition salts with drugs to make them more stable, such as indacaterol ...