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A fiber-optic cable comprises multiple pairs of fibers. Each pair has one fiber in each direction. TAT-8 had two operational pairs and one backup pair. Except for very short lines, fiber-optic submarine cables include repeaters at regular intervals.
SubmarineCableMap.com — simple map; Detailed interactive world map — at TeleGeography.com (2018 Version) Global Caribbean net Archived 2016-10-18 at the Wayback Machine — reference site for GCN, MCN, and SCF; Timeline of submarine cables, 1850–2007 — at Atlantic-Cable.com; TeleGeography submarine cable map — at TeleGeography.com
This is a list of domestic submarine communications cables and does not include international cable systems. All the cable systems listed below have landing points within one country, and are currently (as of August 2007 [update] ) in-service.
Fibre-optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) is a 28,000-kilometre-long (17,398 mi; 15,119 nmi) fibre optic mostly-submarine communications cable that connects the United Kingdom, Japan, India, and many places in between.
The location of submarine cables was considered a core element of negotiations. It established delimited areas such as the EEZ. [7] It is therefore authorized everywhere except in territorial waters, where Coastal states edict their own rules. It is assumed that this freedom also applies to maintaining and repairing cables. [6]
TPE or Trans-Pacific Express is a submarine telecommunications cable linking China, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States.The line is a US$500 million joint venture between 6 telecommunication companies China Telecom, China Netcom, China Unicom, Chunghwa Telecom, Korea Telecom, and Verizon Communications (AT&T and NTT joined in March 2008).
All cables presently in service use fiber optic technology. Many cables terminate in Newfoundland and Ireland, which lie on the great circle route from London, UK to New York City, US. There has been a succession of newer transatlantic cable systems. All recent systems have used fiber optic transmission, and a self-healing ring topology.
The Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) is a fiber optic submarine communications cable of 8,400 kilometers that extends between the United States, the Bahamas, the Turks and Caicos Islands, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Curaçao, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Mexico.