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Projective identification is a term introduced by Melanie Klein and then widely adopted in psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Projective identification may be used as a type of defense, a means of communicating, a primitive form of relationship, or a route to psychological change; [1] used for ridding the self of unwanted parts or for controlling the other's body and mind.
The related defence of projective identification differs from projection in that the other person is expected to become identified with the impulse or desire projected outside, [16] so that the self maintains a connection with what is projected, in contrast to the total repudiation of projection proper. [17]
Projective identification serves as a mode of communication. It is a form of object relations, and "a pathway for psychological change." [22]: 21 As a form of object relationship, projective identification is a way of relating with others who are not seen as entirely separate from the individual. Instead, this relating takes place "between the ...
Also, devaluation and projective identification are seen as borderline defences. [11] Robert Plutchik's (1979) theory views defences as derivatives of basic emotions, which in turn relate to particular diagnostic structures. According to his theory, reaction formation relates to joy (and manic features), denial relates to acceptance (and ...
Identification Projection Series (IPS) refers to a projective technique used in psychotherapy. [1] IPS is related to other, more established, projective methods in psychotherapy such as the Rorschach Test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). A more recent projective method with a higher degree of validity is the Adult Attachment Projective ...
In psychology, introjection (also known as identification or internalization) [1] is the unconscious adoption of the thoughts or personality traits of others. [2] It occurs as a normal part of development, such as a child taking on parental values and attitudes. It can also be a defense mechanism in situations that arouse anxiety. [2]
During this process of identification children adopt unconsciously the characteristics of their parents and begin to associate themselves with and copy the behavior of their parents. Freud remarked that identification should be distinguished from imitation, which is a voluntary and conscious act.
The responses to projective tests are content analyzed for meaning rather than being based on presuppositions about meaning, as is the case with objective tests. Projective tests have their origins in psychoanalysis, which argues that humans have conscious and unconscious attitudes and motivations that are beyond or hidden from conscious awareness.