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In this situation, there is a distinction between "optical band gap" and "electronic band gap" (or "transport gap"). The optical bandgap is the threshold for photons to be absorbed, while the transport gap is the threshold for creating an electron–hole pair that is not bound together. The optical bandgap is at lower energy than the transport gap.
In semiconductors, the band gap of a semiconductor can be of two basic types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap. The minimal-energy state in the conduction band and the maximal-energy state in the valence band are each characterized by a certain crystal momentum (k-vector) in the Brillouin zone. If the k-vectors are different, the ...
In a semiconductor or band insulator, the Fermi level is surrounded by a band gap, referred to as the band gap (to distinguish it from the other band gaps in the band structure). The closest band above the band gap is called the conduction band, and the closest band beneath the band gap is called the valence band.
The model has been used to fit the complex refractive index of amorphous semiconductor materials at frequencies greater than their optical band gap. The dispersion relation bears the names of Jan Tauc and Hendrik Lorentz, whose previous works [1] were combined by G. E. Jellison and F. A. Modine to create the model.
Thus, extrapolating this linear region to the abscissa yields the energy of the optical bandgap of the amorphous material. A similar procedure is adopted to determine the optical bandgap of crystalline semiconductors. [5] In this case, however, the ordinate is given by (α) 1/r, in which the exponent 1/r denotes the nature of the transition: [6 ...
Optical reflectivity and the Brillouin zones are closely linked, since the band gap energy in the Brillouin zone determines if a photon is absorbed or reflected. If the band gap energy in the Brillouin zone is smaller than the photon energy, the photon will be absorbed, while the photon will be transmitted/reflected if the band gap energy is ...
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In the simplest description of a semiconductor, a single parameter is used to quantify the onset of optical absorption: the band gap, . In this description, semiconductors are described as being able to absorb photons above E G {\displaystyle E_{G}} , but are transparent to photons below E G {\displaystyle E_{G}} . [ 2 ]