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The Inca referred to their empire as Tawantinsuyu, [14] "the suyu of four [parts]". In Quechua, tawa is four and -ntin is a suffix naming a group, so that a tawantin is a quartet, a group of four things taken together, in this case the four suyu ("regions" or "provinces") whose corners met at the capital.
The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cuzco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate the territory of modern-day Peru, followed by a large portion of western South America, into their empire, centered on the Andean mountain range.
Machu Picchu [a] is a 15th-century Inca citadel located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru on a mountain ridge at 2,430 meters (7,970 ft). [9] Often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", [10] it is the most familiar icon of the Inca Empire.
Moray [1] [2] (Quechua: Muray) [3] is an archaeological site in Peru approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Cuzco on a high plateau at about 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) and just west of the village of Maras.
The Incas of Cusco did not systematically count years, and dates of Inca mytho-history are only approximations based on comparisons between colonial documents or archeological data. [25] An exact date for the Chanka–Inca War , which marked the beginning of Pachacuti's reign, is not known, since it happened several generations before the ...
He gives the ruler, Viracocha Inca (c. 1410 – 1438 CE) as the first to expand Inca territory south from the Kingdom of Cusco but that he was unsuccessful in securing the area. [15] Again, de León records Viracocha's successor, Pachacuti ( c. 1418 – 1471 CE) as the leader who succeeded in bringing the area under Inca control, effected by ...
Inca leaders kept records of what each ayllu in the empire produced but did not tax them on their production. They instead used the mita for the support of the empire. The Inca diet consisted primarily of fish and vegetables, supplemented less frequently with the meat of cuyes (guinea pigs) and camelids. In addition, they hunted various animals ...
The Inca army (Quechua: Inka Awqaqkuna) was the multi-ethnic armed forces [1] used by the Tawantin Suyu to expand its empire and defend the sovereignty of the Sapa Inca in its territory. [2] Thanks to the military mit'a, as the empire grew in size and population, so did the army, reaching 200,000 men in a single army (during the reign of Huayna ...