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Patients with Wernicke's aphasia demonstrate fluent speech, which is characterized by typical speech rate, intact syntactic abilities and effortless speech output. [3] Writing often reflects speech in that it tends to lack content or meaning. In most cases, motor deficits (i.e. hemiparesis) do not occur in individuals with Wernicke's aphasia. [4]
Studies have suggested that conduction aphasia is a result of damage specifically to the left superior temporal gyrus and/or the left supramarginal gyrus. [5] The classical explanation for conduction aphasia is a disconnection between the brain areas responsible for speech comprehension (Wernicke's area) and that of speech production (Broca's ...
Aphasia. This is a disorder that impacts the way a person comprehends, speaks, and writes language. Aphasia usually is a result of traumatic head injury or stroke, but can have other causes such as tumors or progressive diseases. [18] There are several types of aphasia, with the two most popular being Broca’s Aphasia and Wernicke’s Aphasia.
The discovery of what is now known as Broca's area was followed years later by Carl Wernicke's famous work, 'The Symptom-Complex of Aphasia: A Psychological Study on an Anatomical Basis' in 1874. This paper is regarded as one of the most influential works in the history of the field of aphasiology.
Paraphasia is associated with fluent aphasias, characterized by "fluent spontaneous speech, long grammatically shaped sentences and preserved prosody abilities." [4] Examples of these fluent aphasias include receptive or Wernicke's aphasia, anomic aphasia, conduction aphasia, and transcortical sensory aphasia, among others.
He hypothesized that aphasia is the outcome of partial damage to the left auditory word center, whereas auditory agnosia is the result of complete damage to the same area. Bastian localized the auditory word center to the posterior MTG (middle temporal gyrus). Other opponents to the Wernicke-Lichtheim model were Sigmund Freud and Carl Freund.
Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Wernicke's area was named for German doctor Carl Wernicke, who discovered it in 1874 in the course of his research into aphasias (loss of ability to speak). This area of the brain is involved in language comprehension. [7] Therefore, Wernicke's area is for understanding oral language. [8]
Damage to the inferior left temporal lobe, which is shown in green, is associated with TSA. Transcortical sensory aphasia is caused by lesions in the inferior left temporal lobe of the brain located near Wernicke's area, and is usually due to minor hemorrhage or contusion in the temporal lobe, or infarcts of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA). [4]