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It was also found that lactate could be oxidized as quickly as pyruvate in rat liver mitochondria. Because lactate can either be oxidized in the mitochondria (back to pyruvate for entry into the Krebs cycle, generating NADH in the process), or serve as a gluconeogenic precursor, the intracellular lactate shuttle has been proposed to account for ...
Cori cycle. The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, [1] is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate.
The liver preferentially uses lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids (especially alanine) while the kidney preferentially uses lactate, glutamine and glycerol. [24] [8] Lactate from the Cori cycle is quantitatively the largest source of substrate for gluconeogenesis, especially for the kidney. [8]
Normally, the cancer cells would die under a high pyruvate level. However, the overexpressed citrate–malate shuttle can remove the excessive pyruvate. In this situation, the natural cell death of liver tumor will not occur. The cancer cells can keep growing. In addition, high shuttle activity is linked to increase in fatty acid generation.
1.2 Recruited reaction steps of the citric acid cycle and malate aspartate shuttle 1.3 Reaction steps from malate to pyruvate and lactate 2 Intracellular compartmentalization of the glutaminolytic pathway
Reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD +.It converts pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, to lactate when oxygen is absent or in short supply, and it performs the reverse reaction during the Cori cycle in the liver.
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Conversion to glucose via gluconeogenesis in the liver and release back into circulation by means of the Cori cycle [27] If blood glucose concentrations are high, the glucose can be used to build up the liver's glycogen stores. Lactate is continually formed at rest and during all exercise intensities.