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The Apgar score is a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. [1] It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar, to address the need for a standardized way to evaluate infants shortly after birth.
Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 – August 7, 1974) was an American physician, [1] [2] obstetrical anesthesiologist [3] and medical researcher, [4] best known as the inventor of the Apgar score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after birth in order to combat infant mortality. [5]
Each of the five assessment areas is given a score of 0, 1, or 2. The maximum score possible is 10. Scores of 7 or above are considered normal for full-term newborns. If the total score is below 7, or any area is scored 0 at 5 minutes of life, resuscitation efforts and scoring should continue every 5 minutes until 20 minutes of life.
The Apgar scale is an assessment performed immediately following birth. It consists of the assessment of heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and generalized skin color. Apgar scoring is performed one minute and five minutes after birth.
The infant's condition is evaluated using the Apgar scale. [14] The Apgar score is determined by evaluating the newborn baby on five criteria which are summarized using words chosen to form an acronym (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration). Until recently babies were routinely removed from their mothers following birth; however ...
At birth, the baby receives an Apgar score at, at the least, one minute and five minutes of age. [23] This is a score out of 10 that assesses the baby on five different areas—each worth between 0 and 2 points. These areas are: colour, respiratory effort, tone, heart rate, and response to stimuli. [24]
In 1953, Babies Hospital anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar, MD, created an easy scoring method for predicting infant health, now known as the "Apgar score." [30] The Apgar score measures five body functions to determine the need for life-saving assistance within a minute of birth and remains the international pediatric standard for assessing ...
[14] [5] She was ethnicity and health advisor, co-author of the critical research study on the Apgar score and other neonatal tests and infants with darker skin which challenged existing approaches to neonatal assessment.