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  2. Singular value decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular_value_decomposition

    Consequently, if all singular values of a square matrix ⁠ ⁠ are non-degenerate and non-zero, then its singular value decomposition is unique, up to multiplication of a column of ⁠ ⁠ by a unit-phase factor and simultaneous multiplication of the corresponding column of ⁠ ⁠ by the same unit-phase factor.

  3. MATLAB - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB

    MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory" [18]) is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms , creation of user interfaces , and interfacing with programs written in other languages.

  4. Matrix decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_decomposition

    Unit-Scale-Invariant Singular-Value Decomposition: =, where S is a unique nonnegative diagonal matrix of scale-invariant singular values, U and V are unitary matrices, is the conjugate transpose of V, and positive diagonal matrices D and E.

  5. BLOSUM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLOSUM

    The BLOSUM62 matrix, the amino acids have been grouped and coloured based on Margaret Dayhoff's classification scheme. Positive and zero values have been highlighted. In bioinformatics, the BLOSUM (BLOcks SUbstitution Matrix) matrix is a substitution matrix used for sequence alignment of proteins.

  6. Divided differences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divided_differences

    In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation. [1] Divided differences is a recursive division process.

  7. Determinant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant

    Moreover, they both take the value when is the identity matrix. The above-mentioned unique characterization of alternating multilinear maps therefore shows this claim. [8] A matrix with entries in a field is invertible precisely if its determinant is nonzero. This follows from the multiplicativity of the determinant and the formula for the ...

  8. Estimation of covariance matrices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimation_of_covariance...

    The sample covariance matrix (SCM) is an unbiased and efficient estimator of the covariance matrix if the space of covariance matrices is viewed as an extrinsic convex cone in R p×p; however, measured using the intrinsic geometry of positive-definite matrices, the SCM is a biased and inefficient estimator. [1]

  9. Matrix calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_calculus

    In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices.It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices that can be treated as single entities.