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Congener descriptors give a shorthand notation for geometry and substituent positions. The twelve congeners that display all four of the descriptors are referred to as being "dioxin-like", referring both to their toxicity and structural features which make them similar to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD). [1]
A group of carcinogenic organic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is an example of a congener grouping. The number and locations of Cl groups can vary. In chemistry, congeners are chemical substances "related to each other by origin, structure, or function". [1]
Congener may refer to: Congener (biology), organisms within the same genus; Congener (chemistry), related chemicals, e.g., elements in the same group of the periodic ...
See: E-Z notation Violet leaf aldehyde, systematic name (E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal, is a compound having one (E)- and one (Z)-configured double bond. The descriptors (E) (from German entgegen, 'opposite') and (Z) (from German zusammen, 'together') are used to provide a distinct description of the substitution pattern for alkenes, cumulenes or other double bond systems such as oximes.
The invariance properties of molecular descriptors can be defined as the ability of the algorithm for their calculation to give a descriptor value that is independent of the particular characteristics of the molecular representation, such as atom numbering or labeling, spatial reference frame, molecular conformations, etc. Invariance to molecular numbering or labeling is assumed as a minimal ...
In the alcoholic beverages industry, congeners are substances produced during fermentation other than the desired type of alcohol ().These substances include small amounts of chemicals such as methanol and other alcohols (known as fusel alcohols), acetone, acetaldehyde, esters, tannins, and aldehydes (e.g. furfural).
Bryconops gracilis is a small species of freshwater fish from the rivers of South America.It is one of multiple species for which the common name "lambari" is used. Though not well-studied, it has been re-described in recent years in order to differentiate it from Bryconops alburnoides, a congener to which it bears a strong resemblance.
Aegista congener is a species of air-breathing land snails, ... Description. The diameter of the shell attains 12 mm, its height 7 mm.