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Acetic acid: ethanoic acid CH 3 CO 2 H Glycolic acid: hydroxyacetic acid ... 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid: HOC(COOH ...
The active hydrogen component has the forms: [3] Z−CH 2 −Z or Z−CHR−Z for instance diethyl malonate, Meldrum's acid, ethyl acetoacetate or malonic acid, or cyanoacetic acid. [1] Z−CHRR', for instance nitromethane. where Z is an electron withdrawing group. Z must be powerful enough to facilitate deprotonation to the enolate ion even ...
C 2 H 8 N 2: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine: 540-73-8 (CH 3) 2 SO: dimethyl sulfoxide: 67-68-5 C 4 H 8 O 2: 1,4-Dioxane: 123-91-1 C 2 H 6 O: ethanol: 64-17-5 CH 3 CH 2 NH 2: ethylamine: 75-04-7 C 2 H 6 O 2: ethylene glycol: 107-21-1 HCOOH: formic acid: 64-18-6 C 5 H 6 O 2: furfuryl alcohol: 98-00-0 C 3 H 8 O 3: glycerol: 56-81-5 CH 3 OH: methanol: 67-56 ...
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone.
The starting point for the collection of the substituent constants is a chemical equilibrium for which the substituent constant is arbitrarily set to 0 and the reaction constant is set to 1: the deprotonation of benzoic acid or benzene carboxylic acid (R and R' both H) in water at 25 °C.
Alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, or α-hydroxy carboxylic acids (AHAs), are a group of carboxylic acids featuring a hydroxy group located one carbon atom away from the acid group. This structural aspect distinguishes them from beta hydroxy acids , where the functional groups are separated by two carbon atoms. [ 1 ]
On heating, the di-ester undergoes thermal decarboxylation, yielding an acetic acid substituted by the appropriate R group. [1] Thus, the malonic ester can be thought of being equivalent to the − CH 2 COOH synthon. The esters chosen are usually the same as the base used, i.e. ethyl esters with sodium ethoxide.
The chemist Urech in 1872 was the first to synthesize cyanohydrins from ketones with alkali cyanides and acetic acid [2] and therefore this reaction also goes by the name of Urech cyanohydrin method. References