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A stanza (śloka) is defined in Sanskrit prosody as a group of four quarters (pādas). [30] Indian prosody studies recognise two types of stanzas. Vritta stanzas are those that have a precise number of syllables, while jati stanzas are those that are based on syllabic time-lengths (morae, matra ) and can contain varying numbers of syllables.
Shloka or śloka (Sanskrit: श्लोक śloka, from the root श्रु śru, lit. ' hear ' [1] [2]) in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stanza; a proverb, saying"; [3] but in particular it refers to the 32-syllable verse, derived from the Vedic anuṣṭubh metre, used in the Bhagavad Gita and many other works of classical Sanskrit literature.
E. V. Arnold classified the hymns of the Rigveda into four periods, partly on the grounds of language and partly of metre. [16]In the earliest period, which he calls "Bardic", when often the names of the individual poets are known, a variety of metres are used, including, for example, a ten-syllable version of the triṣṭubh; some poems of this period also often show an iambic rhythm (ᴗ ...
In a ślōka two lines make a stanza, ... which are algebraically represented by letters of the alphabet. (See Sanskrit prosody.) So, the 11th/12th century [5] ...
Anuṣṭubh (Sanskrit: अनुष्टुभ्, IPA: [ɐnuˈʂʈubʱ]) is a metre and a metrical unit, found in both Vedic and Classical Sanskrit poetry, but with significant differences. By origin, an anuṣṭubh stanza is a quatrain of four lines. Each line, called a pāda (lit. "foot"), has eight syllables.
While reading a stanza in a vilomakāvya, the relevant units are the syllables and not individual phonemes. The verses can be of two types: in the first type, called viṣamākṣara , the verse sounds different when read in the two directions, and in the second type, called samākṣara or tulyākṣara ,the verse sounds the same when read ...
A kakawin stanza consists of four lines. Each line has a set number of syllables per line, set in patterns of long and short syllables based on Sanskrit rules of prosody.A syllable which contains a long vowel is called guru (Sanskrit for "heavy"), while a syllable which contains a short one is called laghu (Sanskrit for "light").
Finally, the 27th stanza is an example of what has been called "the most complex and exquisite type of palindrome ever invented". [20] It may also be thought of as a syllabic Sator Square. Sanskrit aestheticians call it sarvatobhadra, "perfect in every direction" — it yields the same text if read forwards, backwards, down, or up: