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The compact design is cheaper to manufacture, since only one cylinder head is required for all six cylinders, much like a traditional inline-6 engine. Volkswagen Group introduced the first VR6 engine in 1991 and VR6 engines remained in production until late 2024. [1] Volkswagen also produced a five-cylinder VR5 engine based on the VR6.
An all new cylinder head was needed for the Audi-developed Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI), which features cylinder-direct fuel injection straight into the combustion chambers. The result of needing to site both spark plug and fuel injector meant that the former five-valve layout had to be changed to a four-valve-per-cylinder arrangement.
Based on the Audi B5 S4 2.7 V6 biturbo, this engine was tuned by Cosworth Technology (now MAHLE Powertrain), and featured enlarged intake and exhaust ports on the cylinder heads, two uprated parallel turbochargers, and two side-mounted intercoolers (SMICs), together with new induction and exhaust systems, and a re-calibrated engine management ...
These engines use a single cylinder head so are technically a straight engine with the name "VR6" coming from the combination of German words “Verkürzt” and “Reihenmotor” meaning “shortened inline engine”. The VR6 engines were used in transverse engine front-wheel drive cars which were originally designed for inline-four engines ...
With the introduction of the VR6 engine, the G60 engine disappeared from the North American market after 1992 and European market in 1993. The VR6 engine provided a compromise between both V-shaped and straight engines by placing the two cylinder banks at an angle of 15°, with a single cylinder head.
The M104 featured dual overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder. The M103 and M104.98x were later replaced by the 2.8-litre and 3.2-litre versions of the M104. The 3.0 L (2,960 cc) M104 featured KE-Jetronic fuel injection, cylinder specific ignition-timing, variable valve timing and under-piston cooling jets. Specifications