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Barbituric acid, the parent structure of all barbiturates. Barbiturates [a] are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. [2] They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects.
Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. The following are classified as anticonvulsants: [31] Phenobarbital (1912). See also the related drug primidone. Methylphenobarbital (1935). Known as mephobarbital in the US.
This is a list of psychiatric medications used by psychiatrists and other physicians to treat mental illness or distress.. The list is ordered alphabetically according to the condition or conditions, then by the generic name of each medication.
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Diberal, unlike most barbiturates, can have convulsant actions. This is uncommon, as barbiturates typically enhance the function of GABA as allorestic modulators and agonists (at higher doses), [2] therefore having anticonvulsant properties. Depending on which isomer is used, it can have either convulsant or anticonvulsant actions.
It is one of the longest-acting barbiturates available – it remains in the body for a very long time (half-life of two to seven days) and has very low protein binding (20 to 45%). Phenobarbital is metabolized by the liver, mainly through hydroxylation and glucuronidation and induces many isozymes of the cytochrome P450 system .