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From a Marxist perspective, a labour supply is a core requirement in a capitalist society.To avoid labour shortage and ensure a labour supply, a large portion of the population must not possess sources of self-provisioning, which would let them be independent—and they must instead, to survive, be compelled to sell their labour for a subsistence wage.
Labor-power might be seen as a stock which can produce a flow of labor. Labor, not labor power, is the key factor of production for Marx and the basis for earlier economists' labor theory of value. The hiring of labor power only results in the production of goods or services ("use-values") when organized and regulated (often by the "management ...
Wire-grid Cobb–Douglas production surface with isoquants A two-input Cobb–Douglas production function with isoquants. In economics and econometrics, the Cobb–Douglas production function is a particular functional form of the production function, widely used to represent the technological relationship between the amounts of two or more inputs (particularly physical capital and labor) and ...
The long-run labor demand function of a competitive firm is determined by the following profit maximization problem: ,, = (,), where p is the exogenous selling price of the produced output, Q is the chosen quantity of output to be produced per month, w is the hourly wage rate paid to a worker, L is the number of labor hours hired (the quantity of labor demanded) per month, r is the cost of ...
In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production. [1] While the exact resources encompassed in the term may vary, it is widely agreed to include the classical factors of production (land, labour, and capital) as well as the general infrastructure and capital goods necessary to reproduce stable ...
A Review of Economics and Economic Methodology argues against pay to their marginal product to pay equal to the amount of their labor input. [14] This is known as the Labor theory of value. Marx characterizes the value of labor as a relationship between the person and things and how the perceived exchange of products is viewed socially. [15]
The quarter of the labor force that was unemployed constituted a supply of labor for which the demand predicted by Say's law did not exist. John Maynard Keynes argued in 1936 that Say's law is simply not true, and that demand, rather than supply, is the key variable that determines the overall level of economic activity.
Supply is often plotted graphically as a supply curve, with the price per unit on the vertical axis and quantity supplied as a function of price on the horizontal axis. This reversal of the usual position of the dependent variable and the independent variable is an unfortunate but standard convention.