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ATC code C07 Beta blocking agents is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Betaxolol is a selective beta 1 receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. [1] It is also a adrenergic blocker with no partial agonist action and minimal membrane stabilizing activity. [2]
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
The cardio-selective beta-1 blockers could cause adverse effects including bradycardia, reduced exercise ability, hypotension, atrioventricular nodal blockage and heart failure. [5] Other possible adverse effects include nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, weakness, headache, fatigue, and dryness in mouth and eye. [5]
Acebutolol is a cardioselective beta-1 blocker which also considered a partial agonist due to its intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). This means it provides low-grade beta stimulation at rest but acting as typical beta-blockers when sympathetic activity is high. [3]
Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [7] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [7] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. [7] [8] It is taken by mouth. [7]
A Beta-2 adrenergic antagonist (β 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) is an adrenergic antagonist which blocks the beta-2 adrenergic receptors of cells, with either high specificity (an antagonist which is selective for β 2 adrenoceptors) like Butaxamine and ICI-118,551, or non-specifically (an antagonist for β 2 and for β 1 or β 3 adrenoceptors) like the non-selective betablocker Propranolol.
It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. [2] Propranolol was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964. [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10] Propranolol is available as a generic medication. [2]