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The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States.It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.
The Structure of the Federal Reserve System is unique among central banks in the world, with both public and private aspects. [1] It is described as "independent within the government" rather than "independent of government". [2] The Federal Reserve is composed of five parts: [3] [4]
A Federal Reserve Bank is a ... The Federal Reserve Banks offer various services to the federal government and ... The banks may retain part of their earnings in ...
The Federal Reserve, frequently dubbed “the Fed” for short, is the central bank of the U.S. Whereas fiscal lawmaking is left up to the three branches of government, the Fed sets monetary ...
Also created as part of the Federal Reserve System was a 12-member Federal Advisory Committee and a single new United States currency, the Federal Reserve Note. The Federal Reserve Act created a national currency and a monetary system that could respond effectively to the stresses in the banking system and create a stable financial system.
During periods when the national debt of the United States has declined significantly (such as happened in fiscal years 1999 and 2000), monetary policy and financial markets experts have studied the practical implications of having "too little" government debt: both the Federal Reserve and financial markets use the price information, yield ...
The Federal Reserve regulates private banking institutions, works to contain systemic risk in financial markets, and provides certain financial services to the federal government, the public, and financial institutions. The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (FRTIB) is one of the smaller Executive Branch agencies, with just over 100 ...
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the Federal Reserve Board, is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System. It is charged with overseeing the Federal Reserve Banks and with helping implement the monetary policy of the United States .