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Anthropogenic and natural sources of bromine. The major sources include sea spray, salt lakes, marshes, volcanos, anthropogenic sources. Sinks include exchange of brominated compounds with the stratospheric and troposphere.Bromine's chemistry is linked to other halogens such as chlorine and iodine amplify atmospheric cycling that contributes to troposphere and stratosphere ozone layer ...
Highly toxic to humans in its elemental form. [11] iridium: 77: 1a: Due to its extreme rarity, iridium has no biological role. [11] The chloride is moderately toxic to humans. [11] iron: 26: 5: Essential to almost all living things, usually as a ligand in a protein; it is most familiar as an essential element in the protein hemoglobin. [11 ...
Elemental bromine (Br 2) is toxic and causes chemical burns on human flesh. Inhaling bromine gas results in similar irritation of the respiratory tract, causing coughing, choking, shortness of breath, and death if inhaled in large enough amounts. Chronic exposure may lead to frequent bronchial infections and a general deterioration of health.
2). Bromine is even more efficient than chlorine at destroying ozone on a per-atom basis, but there is much less bromine in the atmosphere at present. Both chlorine and bromine contribute significantly to overall ozone depletion. Laboratory studies have also shown that fluorine and iodine atoms participate in analogous catalytic cycles.
Water is the medium of the oceans, the medium which carries all the substances and elements involved in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Water as found in nature almost always includes dissolved substances, so water has been described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve so many substances.
Bromism is the syndrome which results from the long-term consumption of bromine, usually through bromine-based sedatives such as potassium bromide and lithium bromide. Bromism was once a very common disorder, being responsible for 5 to 10% of psychiatric hospital admissions, but is now uncommon since bromide was withdrawn from clinical use in ...
Bromine readily reacts with water, i.e. it undergoes hydrolysis: Br 2 + H 2 O → HOBr + HBr. This forms hypobromous acid (HOBr), and hydrobromic acid (HBr in water). The solution is called "bromine water". The hydrolysis of bromine is more favorable in the presence of base, for example sodium hydroxide: Br 2 + NaOH → NaOBr + NaBr
The major sources include sea spray, salt lakes, marshes, volcanos, anthropogenic sources, and the least input is the polar regions. Bromine's chemistry is linked to other halogens such as chlorine and iodine amplify atmospheric cycling that contributes to troposphere and stratosphere ozone layer destruction.