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The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
Vocal fold nodules are thought to be the result of vocal fold tissue trauma caused by excessive mechanical stress. [1] [2] [5] During phonation, the vocal folds undergo many forms of mechanical stress. One example of such stress is the impact stress caused by the collision between the left and right vocal fold surfaces during vibration. [2]
A common symptom of laryngeal papillomatosis is a change in voice quality. More specifically, hoarseness is observed. [4] [5] As a consequence of the narrowing of the laryngeal or tracheal parts of the airway, shortness of breath, chronic cough and stridor (i.e. noisy breathing which can sound like a whistle or a snore), can be present.
Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules. [3] The evaluation of a skin nodule includes a description of its appearance, its location, how it feels to touch and any associated symptoms which may give clues to an underlying medical condition. [4] Nodules in skin include dermatofibroma [5] and pyogenic granuloma. [6]
Sometimes the term head and neck pathology is used instead, which may indicate that the pathologist deals with otorhinolaryngologic disorders (i.e. ear, nose and throat) in addition to maxillofacial disorders. In this role there is some overlap between the expertise of head and neck pathologists and that of endocrine pathologists.
Head and neck cancer is a general term encompassing multiple cancers that can develop in the head and neck region. These include cancers of the mouth, tongue, gums and lips (oral cancer), voice box (), throat (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, [1] hypopharyngeal), salivary glands, nose and sinuses.
papules or nodules which are red, globular and non-blanching, with a vascular appearance; purplish nodules sufficiently similar to Kaposi's sarcoma that a biopsy may be required to verify which of the two it is; a purplish lichenoid plaque; a subcutaneous nodule which may have ulceration, similar to a bacterial abscess
Squamous cell papilloma of the mouth or throat is generally diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 50, [1] and is normally found on the inside of the cheek, on the tongue, or inside of lips. Oral papillomas are usually painless, and not treated unless they interfere with eating or are causing pain. [ 1 ]