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ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl → CH 2 =CHCl + HCl. The HCl from this cracking process is recycled by oxychlorination in order to reduce the consumption of raw material HCl (or Cl 2, if direct chlorination of ethylene is chosen as main way to produce 1,2-dichloroethane). [3] Iron(III) chloride is produced commercially by oxychlorination (and other methods).
2 NaCl + 2 H 2 O → 2 NaOH + H 2 + Cl 2 Without a membrane, the OH − ions produced at the cathode are free to diffuse throughout the electrolyte. As the electrolyte becomes more basic due to the production of OH − , less Cl 2 emerges from the solution as it begins to disproportionate to form chloride and hypochlorite ions at the anode:
2 NaCl + 2H 2 SO 4 + MnO 2 → Na 2 SO 4 + MnSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + Cl 2. Using this process, chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first to isolate chlorine in a laboratory. The manganese can be recovered by the Weldon process. [11]
This was constructed by the Humphrey Gas Pump Co. of Syracuse, NY, who had licensed the Humphrey patents. [5] A single Humphrey pump was installed at a Sewage works in Southend-on-Sea, England during 1914. The pump had head of 65 ft at a capacity of 198,000 gallons per day. Construction works started for a second pump but was cancelled in 1915. [5]
A noble diode pump is a type of ion pump used in high-vacuum applications that employs both a chemically reactive cathode, such as titanium, and an additional cathode composed of tantalum. The tantalum cathode serves as a high-inertia crystal lattice structure for the reflection and burial of neutrals, increasing pumping effectiveness of inert ...
In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). Upon contact, H 2 O and HCl combine to form hydronium cations [H 3 O] + and chloride anions Cl − through a reversible chemical reaction: HCl + H 2 O → [H 3 O] + + Cl −. The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid and is a strong acid.
A gasoline pump or fuel dispenser is a machine at a filling station that is used to pump gasoline (petrol), diesel, or other types of liquid fuel into vehicles. Gasoline pumps are also known as bowsers or petrol bowsers (in Australia and South Africa), [2] [3] petrol pumps (in Commonwealth countries), or gas pumps (in North America).
The separator (IV) separates the gas and liquid phase of the venturi evaporator product. The liquid phase is re-circulated back to the venturi evaporator to increase mass and heat exchange performance. approx. 25 to 30% of the waste acid (H 2 O, HCl) are evaporated; roast gas is cooled down to approx. 92 to 96 °C