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Oenothera biennis, the common evening-primrose, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae, native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas, and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions. [4]
So are the flowers which have a sweet, crunchy taste. [20] The common evening primrose, O. biennis, is commonly sold as a dietary supplement in capsules containing the seed oil. [21] The main phytochemical in this evening primrose seed oil is gamma-linolenic acid. [21]
The evening primrose flower (O. biennis) produces an oil containing a high content of γ-linolenic acid, a type of omega−6 fatty acid.Omega−6 fatty acids (also referred to as ω−6 fatty acids or n−6 fatty acids) are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that share a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n−6 position, that is, the sixth bond, counting from the methyl end.
Borage seed oil, blackcurrant seed oil, and evening primrose oil all have a significant amount of gamma-Linolenic acid (GLA) (about 23%, 15–20% and 7–10%, respectively), and it is this that has drawn the interest of researchers. Açaí oil, from the fruit of several species of the Açaí palm (Euterpe) grown in the Amazon region. [54] [55]
GLA was first isolated from the seed oil of evening primrose.This herbal plant was grown by Native Americans to treat swelling in the body. In the 17th century, it was introduced to Europe and became a popular folk remedy, earning the name king's cure-all.
The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs , shrubs , and trees [ 4 ] in 17 genera. [ 5 ] The family is widespread, occurring on every continent from boreal to tropical regions.