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Vacuum distillation can also be referred to as "low-temperature distillation". [citation needed] In distilling the crude oil, it is important not to subject the crude oil to temperatures above 370 to 380 °C because high molecular weight components in the crude oil will undergo thermal cracking and form petroleum coke at temperatures above that.
"Short path" refers to the short distance that the vapors of the distillate need to travel, which helps reduce loss and speed up collection of the distillate.This type of distillation is generally performed under vacuum to prevent the compound from charring due to atmospheric oxygen, as well as to allow the distillation to proceed at a lower temperature.
The compression ratio in a MVR unit does not usually exceed 1.8. At a compression ratio of 1.8, if the evaporation is performed at atmospheric pressure (0.101 MPa), the condensation pressure after compression will be 0.101 x 1.8 = 0.1818 [MPa]. At this pressure, the condensation temperature of the water vapor at the heat exchanger will be 390 K.
Low temperature distillation (LTD) is a thermal distillation process in several stages, powered by temperature differences between heat and cooling sources of at least 5 K per stage. Two separate volume flows, a hot evaporator flow and a cool condenser flow, with different temperatures and vapor pressures, are sprayed in a combined pressure ...
The pressure at the top is maintained at 1.2–1.5 atm [2] so that the distillation can be carried out at close to atmospheric pressure, and therefore it is known as the atmospheric distillation column. [3] The vapors from the top of the column are a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and naphtha, at a temperature of 120 °C–130 °C.
It typically takes 20 seconds for the liquid to move through the column, and industrial columns might process 16–160 litres per minute (960–9,600 L/h; 4.2–42.3 US gal/min; 250–2,540 US gal/h). The temperature and pressure can be adjusted depending on the compounds targeted.
Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is similar to other swing adsorption techniques but cycles the temperature of the adsorbent bed-gas system instead of the gas pressure to achieve separation. [ 2 ] Cryogenic distillation
Like vacuum distillation, steam distillation is a method for distilling compounds which are heat-sensitive. [1]: 151–153 The temperature of the steam is easier to control than the surface of a heating element and allows a high rate of heat transfer without heating at a very high temperature. This process involves bubbling steam through a ...