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Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions [1] [2] to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception [3] and often implemented by programs.
Public choice, or public choice theory, is "the use of economic tools to deal with traditional problems of political science." [ 1 ] It includes the study of political behavior .
The American political scientist Theodore J. Lowi proposed four types of policy, namely distributive, redistributive, regulatory and constituent in his article "Four Systems of Policy, Politics and Choice" and in "American Business, Public Policy, Case Studies and Political Theory". Policy addresses the intent of the organization, whether ...
The public interest theory of regulation claims that government regulation acts to protect and benefit the public. [1] The public interest is "the welfare or well-being of the general public" and society. [2] Regulation in this context means the employment of legal instruments (laws and rules) for the implementation of policy objectives.
The MSF was first proposed by John W. Kingdon to describe the agenda setting stage of the policy making process. [1] In developing his framework Kingdon took inspiration from the garbage can model of organizational choice, [2] which views organizations as anarchical processes resulting from the interaction of four streams: 1) choices, 2) problems, 3) solutions, and 4) energy from participants.
When understanding the theory of postmodern public administration, it is important to make a differentiation between postmodern theory and the postmodern era as well as being able to differentiate between post-modernity (period of time) and postmodernism (theory/philosophy).
For decades, the correlation between public opinion and public policy was consistently tested to examine its effects. A 1993 study argued that social construction is overlooked yet plays an important role when studying public policy. It tested the theory that social constructions influence the policy agenda, policy tools, and policy choices.
Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare .