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Christians believe Jesus's suffering was foretold in the Old Testament, such as in Psalm 22, and Isaiah 53 prophecy of the suffering servant. [213] In Johannine "agent Christology" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory.
Some New Testament translations use the term "Hades" to refer to the abode or state of the dead to represent a neutral place where the dead awaited the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. The word "harrow" originally comes from the Old English hergian meaning "to harry or despoil", and is seen in the homilies of Aelfric , c. 1000 .
Michael Licona suggests that John has redacted Jesus' authentic statements as recorded in Matthew, Mark and Luke. Where Matthew and Mark have Jesus quote Psalm 22:1, John records that "in order that the Scripture may be fulfilled, Jesus said, 'I am thirsty'." Jesus' final words as recorded in Luke are simplified in John into "It is finished." [12]
Jesus also predicted that the Son of Man would be crucified by the Romans/Gentiles. The Hebrew word gentile means non-Jewish people. [28] Judaism does not allow crucifixion as a means of punishment, [29] but Ancient Roman law did allow certain persons, such as slaves and pirates, to be crucified. [30] [31]
New Testament writings about the crucifixion of Jesus do not specify the shape of that cross, but subsequent early writings liken it to the letter T. According to William Barclay , because tau is shaped exactly like the crux commissa and represented the number 300, "wherever the fathers came across the number 300 in the Old Testament they took ...
Christians interpret at least three passages of the Old Testament as prophecies about Jesus' Passion. The first and most obvious is the one from Isaiah 52:13–53:12 (either 8th or 6th century BC). [ 30 ]
Jesus, the disciples and the crowd went to Bethphage and Bethany from Jericho (10:46). Jesus ordered two disciples: "In that village you'll find a colt, untie it and bring it to me." "Say that the Lord needs it and will return it shortly." Luke 19:28–31. Jesus, the disciples and the crowd went to Bethphage and Bethany from Jericho (19:1–11).
The books of the New Testament frequently cite Jewish scripture to support the claim of the Early Christians that Jesus was the promised Jewish Messiah.Scholars have observed that few of these citations are actual predictions in context; the majority of these quotations and references are taken from the prophetic Book of Isaiah, but they range over the entire corpus of Jewish writings.