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This is a list of persons who served aboard Space Shuttle crews, arranged in chronological order by Space Shuttle missions. Abbreviations: PC = Payload Commander; MSE = USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer; Mir = Launched to be part of the crew of the Mir Space Station; ISS = Launched to be part of the crew of the International Space Station.
A typical ISS commander handover ceremony from Expedition 57 to 58. The commander keeps a symbolic key of the station with them during their tenure, that is, a copy of the handle opening the hatches to the Russian segment. It is passed on to a new astronaut when they replace the existing commander as the new station commander. [2]
This is a list of crew to the International Space Station, in alphabetical order. Current ISS crew names are in bold. The suffix (twice, thrice, ...) refers to the individual's number of spaceflights to the ISS, not the total number of spaceflights. Entries are noted with for women and for men. This list only includes crew members of the ISS.
The main articles for this category are Space Shuttle, Space Shuttle program, and List of Space Shuttle crews. The Space Shuttle program conducted flights between 1981 and 2011. The Space Shuttle program conducted flights between 1981 and 2011.
The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. [ 1 ]
Space Shuttle: Commander (CDR) Overall mission success, safety of crew and spacecraft, managed ascent, maneuvered Shuttle during entry. All Shuttle commanders had prior spaceflight experience. [a] Required a degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, or mathematics.
The Space Shuttle (and prior program) flight controllers worked relatively brief periods: The several minutes of ascent, the few days the vehicle was in orbit, and reentry. The duration of operations for Space Shuttle flight controllers was short and time-critical.
Expeditions are numbered starting from one and sequentially increased with each expedition. Resupply mission crews and space tourists are excluded (see List of human spaceflights to the ISS for details). ISS commanders are listed in italics. "Duration" is the period of time between the crew's launch from Earth and until their decoupling from ...