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An upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea. [3][4] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold. [5]: 28 ...
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infectious diseases involving the lower or upper respiratory tract. [1] An infection of this type usually is further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, tend to be far more ...
Pharyngitis is a type of upper respiratory tract infection. [7] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. [2] Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% of adults. [2] Uncommon causes include other bacteria such as gonococcus, fungi, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Pneumonia frequently starts as an upper respiratory tract infection that moves into the lower respiratory tract. [54] It is a type of pneumonitis (lung inflammation). [ 55 ] The normal flora of the upper airway give protection by competing with pathogens for nutrients.
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat. It can be acute or chronic. [8][9][2] Acute tonsillitis typically has a rapid onset. [10] Symptoms may include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes around the neck. [1][2] Complications include peritonsillar ...
Sinusitis (or rhinosinusitis) is defined as an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the paranasal sinuses and is classified chronologically into several categories: [22] Acute sinusitis – A new infection that may last up to four weeks and can be subdivided symptomatically into severe and nonsevere.
The infection then makes its way down to the bronchi. Symptoms include coughing up sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. [1] Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, [4] and is also known as a chest cold. [5] In more than 90% of cases, the cause is a viral infection ...
Acute cases usually occur as part of a viral upper respiratory tract infection, [1] other infections and trauma such as from coughing are other causes. [1] Chronic cases may occur due to smoking, tuberculosis, allergies, acid reflux, rheumatoid arthritis, or sarcoidosis. [1] [3] The underlying mechanism involves irritation of the vocal cords. [2]