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Allergic rhinitis, of which the seasonal type is called hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air. [ 6 ] Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes. [ 1 ] The fluid from the nose is usually ...
Blood in stool looks different depending on how early it enters the digestive tract—and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to—and how much there is. The term can refer either to melena, with a black appearance, typically originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding; or to hematochezia, with a red color, typically originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. [6]
A complete blood count as well as an hemoglobin test should be performed when a patient presents symptoms of hematochezia. A colonoscopy may be necessary if there is suspicion of bleed from colon particularly in the elderly to look for the site and many causes of bleed like carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, rectal varices or other lesions and in certain instances upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ...
Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood. [ 1 ] This is usually vomit that contains bright red blood. [ 2 ] Coffee ground vomiting is similar to hematemesis, but is distinct in not involving bright red blood. [ 3 ] Hematemesis must be differentiated from hemoptysis (coughing up blood) and epistaxis (nosebleed). [ 4 ]
Farmer's lung occurs because repeated exposure to antigens, found in the mold spores of hay, crops, and animal feed, triggers an allergic reaction within the farmer's immune system. [5] The defense mechanisms of the body present as cold and flu-like symptoms that occur in individuals who experience either acute or chronic reactions.
Shigellosis (Historically the disease usually referred to as Dysentery) is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [ 1 ][ 3 ] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [ 1 ]
Infectious disease, pathology. Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell (leukocyte) count is above the normal range in the blood. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, [ 3 ] most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia.
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