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For precise applications, many coordinate systems have been defined for the Moon, each with a slightly different prime meridian. The IAU recommends the "mean Earth/polar axis" system, [ 1 ] in which the prime meridian is the average direction (from the Moon's center) of the Earth's center.
In 1834 Johann Heinrich von Mädler published the first large cartograph (map) of the Moon, comprising 4 sheets, and he subsequently published The Universal Selenography. [3] All lunar measurement was based on direct observation until March 1840, when J.W. Draper , using a 5-inch reflector, produced a daguerreotype of the Moon and thus ...
The most noticeable feature is the crater Posidonius on the northeast rim of the mare. [4] The ring feature to the west of the mare is indistinct, except for Montes Haemus . Mare Serenitatis connects with Mare Tranquillitatis to the southeast and borders Mare Vaporum to the southwest.
Chart of lunar maria with lines of longitude and latitude. The prime meridian is the centre of the near side of the Moon.. A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as planetographic, planetodetic, or planetocentric) [1] [2] is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and the geocentric coordinate systems for planets other than Earth.
Title page. Selenographia, sive Lunae descriptio (Selenography, or A Description of The Moon) was printed in 1647 and is a milestone work by Johannes Hevelius.It includes the first detailed map of the Moon, created from Hevelius's personal observations. [1]
ASE [1] The pictures show the mortar pack (top) and thumper (bottom). Note the new mortar base used to improve the experiment after problems were encountered with Apollo 14's. The mortar, geophones, and Thumper were stored on the first subpackage. The base of the mortar box was stored on the second subpackage.
Homogeneous coordinates are not uniquely determined by a point, so a function defined on the coordinates, say (,,), does not determine a function defined on points as with Cartesian coordinates. But a condition f ( x , y , z ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(x,y,z)=0} defined on the coordinates, as might be used to describe a curve, determines a condition ...
The four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system. The axes of a two-dimensional Cartesian system divide the plane into four infinite regions, called quadrants, each bounded by two half-axes. The axes themselves are, in general, not part of the respective quadrants.