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The Jane Schaffer method is a formula for essay writing that is taught in some U.S. middle schools and high schools.Developed by a San Diego teacher named Jane Schaffer, who started offering training and a 45-day curriculum in 1995, it is intended to help students who struggle with structuring essays by providing a framework.
Each essay is assigned a score from 0–6, 6 being high. The student's thesis may earn one point, their argument and evidence may earn up to four points, and an extra point may be earned for holistic complexity and sophistication of the argument or of the essay as a whole. The FRQ scoring was changed in 2019 from a 9 point holistic scale.
Raters were high-school teachers, who brought the rating system back to their schools. [45] One teacher was Albert Lavin, who installed similar holistic scoring at Sir Francis Drake High School in Marin County, California, 1966–1972, at grades 9, 10, 11, and 12 in order to show progress in school writing over those years. [46]
The researchers concluded that a rubric that had higher reliability would result in greater results to their "review-revise-resubmit procedure". [25] Anti Rubric: Rubrics both measure the quality of writing, and reflect an individual's beliefs of what a department or particular institution’s rhetorical values. But rubrics lack detail on how ...
To create an effective scoring rubric, a five-step method is often employed: [4] Model Review: Provide students with sample assignments of varying quality for analysis. Criteria Listing: Collaboratively list criteria for the scoring rubric, incorporating student feedback.
Kingsley Elementary School in Kingsport, Tennessee also tested the four square writing method. After teaching students using the method, the students' writing scores increased by 49 percentage points in the first year. The same students used it again the next year, and their scores went up an additional nine percentage points. [6]
Poetry analysis is the process of investigating the form of a poem, content, structural semiotics, and history in an informed way, with the aim of heightening one's own and others' understanding and appreciation of the work.
A rubric is an explicit set of criteria used for assessing a particular type of work or performance and provides more details than a single grade or mark. Rubrics, therefore, help teachers grade more objectively and "they improve students' ability to include required elements of an assignment". [9]