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  2. Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_precision_in...

    Here the 'IEEE 754 double value' resulting of the 15 bit figure is 3.330560653658221E-15, which is rounded by Excel for the 'user interface' to 15 digits 3.33056065365822E-15, and then displayed with 30 decimals digits gets one 'fake zero' added, thus the 'binary' and 'decimal' values in the sample are identical only in display, the values ...

  3. Decimal data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_data_type

    C# has a built-in data type decimal consisting of 128 bits resulting in 28–29 significant digits. It has an approximate range of ±1.0 × 10 −28 to ±7.9228 × 10 28. [1] Starting with Python 2.4, Python's standard library includes a Decimal class in the module decimal. [2] Ruby's standard library includes a BigDecimal class in the module ...

  4. Round-off error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-off_error

    This rounding rule is biased because it always moves the result toward zero. Round-to-nearest : f l ( x ) {\displaystyle fl(x)} is set to the nearest floating-point number to x {\displaystyle x} . When there is a tie, the floating-point number whose last stored digit is even (also, the last digit, in binary form, is equal to 0) is used.

  5. NaN - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN

    That is, this bit is non-zero if the NaN is quiet, and zero if the NaN is signaling. For decimal interchange formats, whether binary or decimal encoded, a NaN is identified by having the top five bits of the combination field after the sign bit set to ones. The sixth bit of the field is the is_signaling flag. That is, this bit is zero if the ...

  6. Floating-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic

    The "decimal" data type of the C# and Python programming languages, and the decimal formats of the IEEE 754-2008 standard, are designed to avoid the problems of binary floating-point representations when applied to human-entered exact decimal values, and make the arithmetic always behave as expected when numbers are printed in decimal.

  7. Double-precision floating-point format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-precision_floating...

    Given the hexadecimal representation 3FD5 5555 5555 5555 16, Sign = 0 Exponent = 3FD 16 = 1021 Exponent Bias = 1023 (constant value; see above) Fraction = 5 5555 5555 5555 16 Value = 2 (Exponent − Exponent Bias) × 1.Fraction – Note that Fraction must not be converted to decimal here = 2 −2 × (15 5555 5555 5555 16 × 2 −52) = 2 −54 ...

  8. Arbitrary-precision arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic

    The 1620 was a decimal-digit machine which used discrete transistors, yet it had hardware (that used lookup tables) to perform integer arithmetic on digit strings of a length that could be from two to whatever memory was available. For floating-point arithmetic, the mantissa was restricted to a hundred digits or fewer, and the exponent was ...

  9. Decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal

    Decimal may also refer specifically to the digits after the decimal separator, such as in "3.14 is the approximation of π to two decimals". Zero-digits after a decimal separator serve the purpose of signifying the precision of a value. The numbers that may be represented in the decimal system are the decimal fractions.