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Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) does not have features of cataplexy and CSF orexin levels are normal. Sleep-related hallucinations , also known as hypnogogic (going to sleep) and hypnopompic (on awakening) are vivid hallucinations that can be auditory , visual , or tactile and may occur independent of or in combination with an inability to move ( sleep ...
Treatment for narcolepsy and cataplexy can be divided to those that act on the excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and those that improve cataplexy. Most patients require lifelong use of medications. [15] Most treatments in humans will act only symptomatically and do not target the loss of the orexin-producing neurons. [16]
Patients with narcolepsy are diagnosed as either type 1 or type 2, with only the former presenting cataplexy symptoms. [59] Type 1 narcolepsy results from the loss of approximately 70,000 orexin -releasing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus , leading to significantly reduced cerebrospinal orexin levels; [ 60 ] [ 61 ] this reduction is a ...
Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin (/ ˈ r ɪ t ə l ɪ n / RIT-ə-lin) and Concerta (/ k ə n ˈ s ɜːr t ə / kən-SUR-tə) [citation needed] among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Some of the earliest work in treating sleep paralysis was done using a cognitive-behavior therapy called CA-CBT. The work focuses on psycho-education and modifying catastrophic cognitions about the sleep paralysis attack. [26] [27] This approach has previously been used to treat sleep paralysis in Egypt, although clinical trials are lacking. [28]
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