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  2. Oxygen toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity

    Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O 2) at increased partial pressures.Severe cases can result in cell damage and death, with effects most often seen in the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes.

  3. Great Oxidation Event - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Oxidation_Event

    The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) or Great Oxygenation Event, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Revolution, Oxygen Crisis or Oxygen Holocaust, [2] was a time interval during the Earth's Paleoproterozoic era when the Earth's atmosphere and shallow seas first experienced a rise in the concentration of free oxygen. [3]

  4. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to transfer chemical ...

  5. Primary nutritional groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_nutritional_groups

    The sources of energy can be light or chemical compounds; the sources of carbon can be of organic or inorganic origin. [ 1 ] The terms aerobic respiration , anaerobic respiration and fermentation ( substrate-level phosphorylation ) do not refer to primary nutritional groups, but simply reflect the different use of possible electron acceptors in ...

  6. Oxidative phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation

    Oxidative phosphorylation uses these molecules and O 2 to produce ATP, which is used throughout the cell whenever energy is needed. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from the electron donors to a series of electron acceptors in a series of redox reactions ending in oxygen, whose reaction releases half of the total ...

  7. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    A large fraction of the chemical elements that occur naturally on the Earth's surface are essential to the structure and metabolism of living things. Four of these elements (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) are essential to every living thing and collectively make up 99% of the mass of protoplasm. [1]

  8. Reducing atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_atmosphere

    A reducing atmosphere is an atmosphere in which oxidation is prevented by absence of oxygen and other oxidizing gases or vapours, and which may contain actively reductant gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide that would be readily oxidized to remove any free oxygen. Although Early Earth had a reducing prebiotic ...

  9. Environmental toxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxicology

    Overview of the interdisciplinarity of environmental toxicology Categories of organisms commonly used for assessing environmental toxicity. Environmental toxicology is a multidisciplinary field of science concerned with the study of the harmful effects of various chemical, biological and physical agents on living organisms.