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The HACEK organisms are a group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that are an unusual cause of infective endocarditis, which is an inflammation of the heart due to bacterial infection. [1] HACEK is an abbreviation of the initials of the genera of this group of bacteria: Haemophilus , Aggregatibacter (previously Actinobacillus ...
K. kingae is the fifth member of the HACEK group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that cause endocarditis. Routine laboratory tests may be normal because the organism is difficult to culture. Routine laboratory tests may be normal because the organism is difficult to culture.
It is one of the HACEK organisms. [2] H. parainfluenzae is an opportunistic pathogen that has been associated with endocarditis, bronchitis, otitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, abscesses and genital tract infections.
Kingella is a genus of bacteria of the family Neisseriaceae. [1] It belongs to the HACEK group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that tend to cause endocarditis. [2] Kingella kingae is its type species. [1]
HACEK group of bacteria are also rare causes of infective endocarditis in North America. [24] The viridans group includes S. oralis, S. mitis, S. sanguis, S. gordonii and S. parasanguis. The primary habitats for these organisms are the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. [25]
Cardiobacterium hominis was originally discovered in 1962 based on analysis of four cases of Infective endocarditis over ten months. [5] Upon its first isolation, researchers described Cardiobacterium hominis, which was unrecognized then, as a Pasteurella-like organism and categorized as group "II-D" by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
It is one of the HACEK group of infections which are a cause of culture-negative endocarditis. In general, the HACEK organisms are responsible for approximately 3% of all cases of infective endocarditis (IE). IE due to E. corrodens is usually a result of poor oral hygiene and or periodontal infection.
Cardiobacterium valvarum is a Gram-negative species of bacteria belonging to the Cardiobacterium genus. It belongs to the HACEK group of fastidious bacteria that are present in normal oropharyngeal flora and can develop into infective endocarditis .