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Before the 1980s, cannabinoids were speculated to produce their physiological and behavioral effects via nonspecific interaction with cell membranes, instead of interacting with specific membrane-bound receptors. The discovery of the first cannabinoid receptors in the 1980s helped to resolve this debate. [10] These receptors are common in animals.
A dried cannabis flower. The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis .
The endocannabinoid system, broadly speaking, includes: Endocannabinoids, which are the physiological ligands, or connecting substances, for the cannabinoid receptors.The main endocannabinoids are anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol), which are in the same class of chemical compounds, called N-acylethanolamines (NAEs).
“The cannabinoid system is widespread in the brain, so modulating cannabinoid function with products like THC could have a wide range of possible effects. We wanted to better understand which ...
The two cannabinoids usually produced in greatest abundance are cannabidiol (CBD) and/or Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), but only THC is psychoactive. [55] Since the early 1970s, Cannabis plants have been categorized by their chemical phenotype or "chemotype", based on the overall amount of THC produced, and on the ratio of THC to CBD. [56]
THC, as well as the two major endogenous compounds identified so far that bind to the cannabinoid receptors —anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG)— produce most of their effects by binding to both the CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptors. While the effects mediated by CB 1, mostly in the central nervous system, have been thoroughly ...
The production of the cannabinoids THC and CBD are a result of a series of chemical reactions, and are just two types of over a hundred that are known. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Inside the transcriptomes of glandular trichomes in the cannabis plant, the pathway for cannabinoid production takes place. [ 9 ]