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Economically, Bucharest is the most prosperous city in Romania and the richest capital and city in the region, having surpassed Budapest since 2017. [18] [19] [20] The city has a number of large convention facilities, educational institutes, cultural venues, traditional 'shopping arcades' and recreational areas.
The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1564 to 1859, then of the United Principalities from 1859 to 1862, and the capital of Romania from 1916 to 1918. Known as the Cultural Capital of Romania Iași is a symbol of Romanian history. Historian Nicolae Iorga stated that "there should be no Romanian who does not know of it". [13]
This is a list of cities and towns in Romania, ordered by population (largest to smallest) according to the 2002, 2011 and 2021 censuses. [1] For the major cities, average elevation is also given. Cities in bold are county capitals.
Bucharest is the capital and the largest city in Romania, with a population of over 1.7 million in 2021. [348] Its larger urban zone has a population of almost 2.2 million, [349] which are planned to be included into a metropolitan area up to 20 times the area of the city proper. [350] [351] [352]
Except during World War I (1916–1918) when Iași was the capital of Romania, Bucharest has been the capital of modern Romania since its inception in 1862. Other localities in this category were capitals of earlier Romanian states, such as Wallachia and Moldavia.
1861 – City becomes capital of Romania. [10] [2] 1862 – Orphanage founded. [4] 1863 – Music and Drama Conservatory established. 1864 University of Bucharest, [11] [2] Bucharest National University of Arts, School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture, [12] and National Museum of Antiquities [13] founded. Barbu Vlădoianu becomes mayor.
The founding of Wallachia (Romanian: descălecatul Țării Românești), that is the establishment of the first independent Romanian principality, was achieved at the beginning of the 14th century, through the unification of smaller political units that had existed between the Carpathian Mountains, and the Rivers Danube, Siret and Milcov.
It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km 2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country.